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Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted estimates for HA-use (versus not) for women and men by sociodemographic and audiological variablesa

From: How sociodemographic and hearing related factors were associated with use of hearing aid in a population-based study: The HUNT Study

Women (n = 5684)

HA-use

No HA

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

(N)

(N)

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Sociodemographic variables

 Age

  

1.124

1.109–1.140

0.994

0.971–1.017

0.996

0.971–1.022

 Having spouseb

        

  No

370

2515

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

  Yes

213

2579

0.561

0.470–0.670

1.064

0.799–1.415

1.035

0.755–1.418

 Educationb

        

  Up to ten years education

386

3394

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

  Vocational and general education

74

653

0.996

0.766–1.295

1.489

1.042–2.127

1.558

1.051–2.308

  College and university

19

250

0.668

0.414–1.078

1.239

0.668–2.300

1.108

0.574–2.141

Audiological variables

 Low frequency hearing thresholds

        

  <20 dB

22

1763

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

  20 ≤  HT < 30 dB

64

1986

2.582

1.584–4.210

0.996

0.572–1.736

0.925

0.494–1.734

  30 ≤  HT <40 dB

120

887

10.841

6.833–17.202

1.468

0.851–2.532

1.291

0.704–2.366

  40 ≤  HT <50 dB

150

314

38.282

24.087–60.841

2.076

1.165–3.697

1.554

0.819–2.950

  50 ≤  HT <60 dB

108

103

84.026

50.982–138.489

1.765

0.920–3.388

1.324

0.643–2.726

  60 ≤  HT <70 dB

58

24

193.663

102.640–365.405

1.985

0.817–4.826

1.826

0.670–4.905

  HT ≥ 70 dB

61

24

203.680

108.227–383.319

0.845

0.301–2.369

0.876

0.284–2.704

 Medium frequency hearing thresholds

  

3.595

3.288–3.930

3.473

2.936–4.109

2.816

2.340–3.390

 High frequency hearing thresholds

  

2.441

2.280–2.614

1.020

0.901–1.155

0.962

0.836–1.106

 Bothered by hearing lossb

        

  Not at all

45

3374

 

Reference

   

Reference

  Yes, a little

237

877

20.262

14.607–28.106

  

6.409

4.276–9.583

  Yes, a lot

246

131

140.798

97.981–202.326

  

15.298

9.607–24.359

 Nagelkerke R Square in %

 -2Log likelihood

     

54.9

1655.068

 

61.3

1305.535

 Men ( n  = 4815)

        

Sociodemographic variables

 Age

  

1.087

1.074–1.100

0.986

0.969–1.003

1.004

0.984–1.024

 Having spousec

        

  No

184

1000

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

  Yes

703

2923

1.307

1.095–1.561

2.000

1.556–2.571

1.901

1.346–2.517

Educationc

        

  Up to ten years education

454

2019

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

  Vocational and general education

241

1104

0.971

0.817–1.154

1.457

1.166–1.820

1.384

1.086–1.764

  College and university

56

343

0.726

0.538–0.980

1.396

0.954–2.047

1.482

0.985–2.230

Audiological variables

 Low frequency hearing thresholds

        

  <20 dB

116

1879

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

  20 ≤  HT < 30 dB

212

1352

2.540

2.004–3.219

1.136

0.854–1.511

1.089

0.799–1.485

  30 ≤  HT <40 dB

234

471

8.048

6.303–10.276

1.710

1.244–2.349

1.462

1.034–2.067

  40 ≤  HT <50 dB

165

152

17.584

13.166–23.484

2.180

1.482–3.208

1.887

1.240–2.870

  50 ≤  HT <60 dB

86

42

33.168

21.927–50.172

2.137

1.213–3.764

1.767

0.952–3.282

  60 ≤  HT <70 dB

41

10

66.413

32.448–135.929

3.481

1.328–9.1263

2.698

0.957–7.613

  HT ≥ 70 dB

35

20

28.347

15.863–50.655

0.281

0.118–0.666

0.299

0.119–0.751

 Medium frequency hearing thresholds

  

2.801

2.617–2.997

2.720

2.438–3.034

2.274

2.019–2.560

 High frequency hearing thresholds

  

1.960

1.855–2.072

1.011

0.928–1.102

0.925

0.840–1.018

 Bothered by hearing lossc

        

  Not at all

52

2261

 

Reference

   

Reference

  Yes, a little

440

1147

16.680

12.405–22.427

  

7.458

5.225–10.644

  Yes, a lot

315

154

88.938

63.574–124.420

  

17.024

11.238–25.778

 Nagelkerke R Square in %

 -2Log likelihood

     

47.2

2518.553

 

54.4

2062.380

  1. The variables presented in the models are adjusted for each other. Model 1included socio-demographic variables and measured hearing thresholds in low, medium and high frequencies and in Model 2 included additional being bothered by hearing loss
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals
  3. aMedium and high frequency hearing thresholds were entered as continuous variables scaled with 10 dB as units for men and women
  4. bNumbers do not sum to 5684, due to missing information on single independent variables in the material for women
  5. cNumbers do not sum to 4815, due to missing information on single independent variables in the material for men
  6. The number of participants in analyses vary owing to missing information on single independent variables,
  7. -participating women: 5684 in unadjusted analysis without missing, 4769 in model 1 and 4116 in model 2,
  8. -participating men: 4815 in unadjusted analysis without missing, 4212 in model 1 and 3841 in model 2
  9. Bold numbers in the table are significant associations