Table 2 Causes of septal perforation according to gender
From: Nasal septal perforation 1981–2005: Changes in etiology, gender and size
Total | Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|---|
Septal resection (Killian) | 29 | 22 | 7 |
Septo/septorhinoplasty | 32 | 23 | 9 |
Trauma | 31 | 15 | 16 |
Cautery | 19 | 10 | 9 |
Nasal picking | 12 | 5 | 7 |
Nasal steroids | 15 | 5 | 10 |
α-adr. nasal spray | 2 | 1 | 1 |
α-adr. + steroid sprays | 11 | 0 | 11 |
Tamponade | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Others | 6 | 1 | 5 |
Unknown | 39 | 17 | 22 |
Total | 197 | 100 | 97 |