Translation and validation of the vertigo symptom scale into German: A cultural adaption to a wider German-speaking population

Gloor-Juzi, Thomas; Kurre, Annette; Straumann, Dominik; de Bruin, Eling D

doi:10.1186/1472-6815-12-7

Table 2 PCA with Varimax Rotation: table for two factor loadings comparison

From: Translation and validation of the vertigo symptom scale into German: A cultural adaption to a wider German-speaking population

Item	Factor 1					Factor 2
	CH	Germany	Mexic hosp	UK hosp.	Prim care (UK)	Swiss	Germany	Mexic hosp	UK hosp	Prim care (UK)
01. Things spinning/moving (V**):
a. less than 2 min	0.55	0.35	0.46*	0.34	0.24	0.02	0.13	−0.07	0.21	−0.06
b. 2 to 20 min	0.27	0.08	0.12	0.13	0.14	0.47*	0.64	0.53	0.71	0.44*
c. 20 min to 1 h	0.17	0.08	−0.03	−0.02	0.13	0.60	0.65	0.54	0.83	0.74
d. several hours	−0.08	−0.01	−0.09	−0.08	−0.08	0.63	0.52	0.59	0.71	0.68
e. more than 12 h	−0.02	0.25	−0.02	0.06	−0.03	0.43*	0.06	0.51	0.52	0.36
02. Heart/chest pain (A***)	0.52	0.52	0.67	0.52	0.52	−0.06	0.04	0.09	−0.14	−0.19
03. Hot or cold spells (A)	0.66	0.61	0.67	0.59	0.65	0.16	0.07	0.25	0.16	0.12
04. Falling over (V)	0.40*	0.42*	0.28	0.27	0.40*	0.24	0.20	0.44*	0.36	0.23
05. Nausea, feeling sick (V)	0.47*	0.50	0.58	0.40*	0.56	0.32	0.14	0.35	0.36	0.23
06. Muscle tension/sore (A)	0.63	0.68	0.81	0.67	0.57	0.08	0.14	0.01	0.01	0.18
07. Light-headed/giddy (V):
a. less than 2 min	0.54	0.28	0.50	0.43*	0.28	0.05	0.17	−0.07	0.11	−0.06
b. 2 to 20 min	0.40	0.18	0.30	0.17	0.11	0.60	0.65	0.46*	0.70	0.53
c. 20 min to 1 h	0.21	0.08	0.13	0.18	0.08	0.73	0.77	0.65	0.70	0.74
d. several hours	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.04	0.12	0.70	0.56	0.71	0.73	0.69
e. more than 12 h	0.05	0.24	0.17	0.02	−0.09	0.45*	0.16	0.50	0.46*	0.55
08. Trembling, shivering (A)	0.56	0.63	0.67	0.56	0.53	0.15	0.08	0.27	0.02	0.16
09. Pressure in the ear (A)	0.41*	0.57	0.60	0.27	0.46*	0.06	0.12	0.16	0.24	0.09
10. Heart pounding (A)	0.54	0.59	0.58	0.66	0.64	0.10	−0.12	0.23	0.02	0.09
11. Vomiting (V)	0.22	0.15	0.30	0.01	0.26	0.12	0.22	0.28	0.32	0.38
12. Heavy feeling arms/legs (A)	0.58	0.74	0.72	0.59	0.70	0.24	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.02
13. Visual disturbances (A)	0.42*	0.71	0.72	0.58	0.61	0.11	0.14	0.16	0.10	0.18
14. Headache/pressure (A)	0.57	0.48*	0.71	0.52	0.58	0.11	0.18	0.23	0.06	0.11
15. Unable to stand/walk (V)	0.16	0.40*	0.38	0.27	0.54	0.42*	0.18	0.40*	0.35	0.35
16. Breathing difficulties (A)	0.63	0.69	0.62	0.53	0.72	0.05	−0.07	0.08	0.06	−0.02
17. Loss of concentration (A)	0.56	0.59	0.64	0.61	0.72	0.28	0.05	−0.03	0.05	0.15
18. Feeling unsteady (V):
a. less than 2 min	0.60	0.27	0.54	0.42	0.24	0.22	0.22	0.13	0.13	−0.04
b. 2 to 20 min	0.39	0.12	0.28	0.13	0.10	0.64	0.64	0.62	0.71	0.58
c. 20 min to 1 h	0.28	0.02	0.17	0.06	0.13	0.75	0.76	0.66	0.74	0.77
d. several hours	−0.00	−0.06	−0.12	−0.03	0.08	0.70	0.60	0.69	0.77	0.68
e. more than 12 h	0.03	0.25	−0.04	0.00	−0.06	0.51	0.29	0.60	0.61	0.49*
19. Tingling, prickling (A)	0.55	0.60	0.75	0.59	0.63	−0.00	0.05	0.00	−0.02	0.06
20. Pain in the lower back (A)	0.59	0.56	0.71	0.56	0.66	−0.04	−0.07	−0.08	−0.20	−0.09
21. Excessive sweating (A)	0.57	0.60	0.19	0.47	0.60	0.21	0.05	0.19	0.12	0.18
22. Feeling faint, black out (A)	0.51	0.61	0.02	0.45	0.60	0.19	0.12	0.26	0.30	0.06

The table is adapted from Tschan (Germany, Mainz) [19] and completed with the results of present study Switzerland, (CH) Interdisciplinary Centre for Vertigo & Balance Disorders, University Hospital Zurich. Factor loadings ≥0.5 are highlighted in bold face; * highest factor loading in analysis when ≥0.4 (but ≤0.5). As grey background is not acceptable, it was necessary to add the (V) or (S) definition for ich item; ** (V)= item attributed to VSS-VER; ***(A)= item attributed to VSS-AA.

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