Gender differences in patients with dizziness and unsteadiness regarding self-perceived disability, anxiety, depression, and its associations

Table 3 Associations between the prevalence rates of disability and anxiety and depression in both genders

Gender	Severe disability^a	Abnormal anxiety^b		Severe disability^a	Abnormal depression^c
		present (n [%])	not present (n [%])		present (n [%])	not present (n [%])
F	present	8 (6.5)	23 (18.5)	present	6 (4.8)	25 (20.2)
	not present	10 (8.1)	83 (66.9)	not present	13 (10.5)	80 (64.5)
		x ² (1) = 3.09, p = 0.079;			x ² (1) = 0.185, p = 0.667
M	present	9 (11.8)	6 (7.9)	present	10 (13.2)	5 (6.5)
	not present	9 (11.8)	52 (68.4)	not present	12 (15.8)	49 (64.5)
		x ² (1) = 11.1, p = 0.001; OR: 8.7 (2.5 - 30.3)			x ² (1) = 10.60, p = 0.001; OR: 8.2 (2.4 - 28.4)

^a Subjects who rated their disability as mild or moderate were put together in the category 'severe disability not present'
^b Anxiety was assessed with the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Subjects with scores of ≥ 11 points were found to have abnormal anxiety [40].
^c Depression was assessed with the depression subscale of the HADS. Subjects with scores ≥ 9 points in HADS-D were found to have abnormal depression [40].
F indicates female (n = 124), M male patients (n = 76), OR odds ratio.
Chi-square statistic was calculated with the Mantel-Haenszel test.
An adjustment of the significance value was calculated: alpha/n; n = number of comparisons; alpha = 0.05: corrected significance level: 0.05/4 = 0.0125

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