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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 202)

From: Gender differences in patients with dizziness and unsteadiness regarding self-perceived disability, anxiety, depression, and its associations

 

Total sample

Female

Male

gender comparisons

Total sample (n [%])

202 (100)

124 (61.4)

78 (38.6)

 

Age (mean [SD])

49.7 (13.5)

50.2 (13.2)

48.9 (14.1)

n.s.1

Groups of diagnoses (n [%])

    

UPVD

77 (38.1)

46 (37.1)

31 (39.7)

n.s.2

BPVD

18 (8.9)

9 (7.3)

9 (11.5)

 

Psychophysic dizziness

20 (9.9)

14 (11.3)

6 (7.7)

 

Vestibular migraine

27 (13.4)

19 (15.3)

8 (10.3)

 

Multiple vestibular disorders

16 (7.9)

11 (8.9)

5 (6.4)

 

CVD

19 (9.4)

10 (8.1)

9 (11.5)

 

Multifactorial dizziness

25 (12.4)

15 (12.1)

10 (12.8)

 

Illness duration (n [%])

    

> 1 mo, < 6 mo

58 (28.7)

37 (29.8)

21 (26.9)

n.s.2

> 6 mo, < 12 mo

27 (13.4)

15 (12.1)

12 (15.4)

 

> 12 mo

117 (57.9)

72 (58.1)

45 (57.7)

 

Employment status (n [%])

    

not employed

61 (30.2)

43 (34.7)

18 (23.1)

p2 = 0.000

< 50%

23 (11.4)

17 (13.7)

6 (7.7)

 

50 - 79%

25 (12.4)

23 (18.5)

2 (2.6)

 

> 80%

93 (46.0)

41 (33.1)

52 (66.7)

 

Living condition (n [%])

    

alone

39 (19.3)

20 (16.1)

19 (24.4)

n.s.2

with adult partner

97 (48.0)

61 (49.2)

36 (46.2)

 

with adult partner and childs

57 (28.2)

34 (27.4)

23 (29.5)

 

with childs

9 (4.5)

9 (7.3)

0

 

DHI-G (mean [SD])

44.6 (22.2)

45.8 (21.7)

42.6 (23.0)

n.s.1

HADS-A* (median [IQR])

6.0 (6.0)

6.0 (6.0)

6.0 (7.0)

n.s.3

HADS-D* (median [IQR])

4.0 (5.0)

4.0 (5.0)

4.0 (7.0)

n.s.3

VSS-VER (median [IQR])

17.0 (18.0)

17.0 (18.0)

14.5 (16.0)

n.s.3

VSS-AA (median [IQR])

17.0 (15.0)

18.0 (15.0)

14.0 (12.75)

n.s.3

  1. * n = 200
  2. 1 = Student t-test
  3. 2 = Pearson chi-square statistic
  4. 3 = Mann-Whitney U
  5. BPVD indicates bilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction, CVD central vestibular dysfunction, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS-A anxiety subscale of the HADS (score: 0-21), HADS-D depression subscale of the HADS (score: 0-21), mo month, n.s. not significant, UPVD unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction, VSS Vertigo Symptom Scale, VSS-VER subscale measuring 'vertigo and related symptoms' (Score: 0-76), VSS-AA subscale measuring 'somatic anxiety and autonomic arousal' (Score: 0-60).